机械汽车触觉性装饰表面纹理特征评价【中英对照】

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目的

Purpose

本标准之目的是规定完成以下仪器性评价（客观评价）所需的方法、设备及过程参数：

The aim of this standard is to identify the methodology, equipment, and process parameters required to complete the instrumental (objective) evaluation of:

  —物理纹理样式，以及与此有关的属性和特征；

- A physical texture pattern, and it’s associated attributes/characteristics;

  —目标母件与样品或生产件之间的纹理差异；

- The texture differences between a target Master and sample or production component;

  —两个交界性生产件之间的纹理比较。

- A texture comparison between two mating/interfacing production components.

本标准还给出了需要在评价报告中使用的与纹理特征有关的工艺词汇和术语及其定义，以及相关测量单位。

The standard also provides a glossary of the agreed upon texture-related processes, terminology, definitions, and units of measurement required for the instrumental evaluation report.

如果评价结果不合格，则相关项目的品质认证专员/工艺室研发专员负责通过不同的公差并在考虑车辆协调性目标后确定接受标准。

If the evaluation results in a non-conformance condition, the Perceived Quality Specialist / Craftsmanship Studio Specialist of the project is responsible for the determination of acceptance criteria using different tolerances, in consideration of vehicle harmony/matching objectives.

纹理

TEXTURE

一种单层或多层的表面特征，使表面具有独特的外观及/或触感。带有纹理特征的材料包括涂层面、织物、塑料件、抛光铝件、皮革及乙烯基塑料等。

A single or multi-level surface characteristic that imparts a unique appearance and/or tactile quality. Coated surfaces, fabrics, plastic parts, polished aluminium parts, leather and vinyl are all examples of materials that can receive texture.

纹理特征可以通过不同的材料加工技术及/或部件成型技术和方法来形成。

Texture can be generated by different techniques/methods in relation to material, processing technology, and/or shape of the component.

对于注塑成型的塑料件来说，最常用的工艺和方法包括：

For injection-molded plastic components, the most commonly used techniques/methods are:

手工打磨、蒸汽打磨及喷砂

BENCHING, VAPOR HONING, SANDBLASTING

这三种不同的机械打磨工艺能使型腔/型芯表面基材（即钢）形成一种光滑的或不光滑的表面效果。手工打磨是用各种砂纸或石质介质对表面进行物理打磨。蒸汽打磨及喷砂是用适当的介质粉末或研磨砂颗粒（根据想要的打磨效果来选择）对模制件表面进行轰击。这三种工艺都能改变模制件表面基础材料的微层结构，从而形成独特的表面粗糙度特征。在使用这些打磨工艺时，最终的表面粗糙度取决于所用的工艺，研磨介质的粗糙度以及所施加的力度或压力（psi）。

These three different mechanical surface ablasion techniques are used to give mold cavity/core surface substrate (ie: steel) a satin-finished or matte-finished effect. Benching is the physical process of hand-sanding the surface with various abrasive paper or stone-type media. Vapor honing and Sandblasting techniques consist of bombarding the mold surfaces with a media powder or abrasive sand particle size and composition chosen according to the desired result to be achieved. All three techniques will impart a unique surface characteristic by removing a micro-layer of the substrate mold surface, depending upon the process used, coarseness of abrasive media, and degree of applied physical force/effort (benching) used or pressure (psi) induced.

电火花加工（EDM）

SPARK-EROSION/ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM)

在电火花加工过程中，将模制件置于一套放电装置下，用一个导电性数控机床电极通过电火花侵蚀工件的表面层并除去部分基材（即钢）。

During the spark-erosion/EDM process, the mold is exposed to a set of electric discharges, that corrode the surface layer by an arcing phenomena, removing substrate material (ie: steel) through the use of a conductive, CNC-machined electrode.

所用电极（即石墨）的几何特征与想要在模制件上实现的几何特征呈镜像或倒转关系。通过一系列脉冲式机械促动和所选的放电强度（电流量）来控制火花的间隔，侵蚀程度及最终的表面粗糙度。

The electrode (ie: graphite) created is a mirror/reverse of the desired detail/geometric feature to be electro-machined into the mold. The degree of corrosion produced is controlled for depth through a series of pulsed, mechanical actuations maintaining the required spark-gap and coarseness, according to the selected intensity (amperage) of the electrical discharge.

这种工艺的优点是，在通过电火花得到预定几何形状的同时，所产生的表面纹理特征是这种工艺的一种“副产品”，且可以预先选择加工后所形成的表面粗糙度，从而实现预定纹理特征。这表示无需对工件做额外的二次表面加工。

The advantage of this technique is that during the process of electro-machining the desired detail/geometric feature, the surface finish texture produced is a by-product of the spark-erosion/EDM process commonly referred to as “scale.” The intended coarseness/roughness of this scale can be pre-selected to meet the desired texture. This means, no additional secondary applied texture process/treatments are necessary.

酸浸蚀

ACID-ETCH

在这种工艺中，按照预先设置的单层或多层（分步完成）表面样式通过已鉴定的摄影工艺（用阴性防蚀蜡介质）或通过覆盖光敏膜的方式用化学品（酸）对模制材料的表面进行侵蚀。

This technique involves the chemical (acid) attack of mold material in accordance with the single or multi-layered (stepped) pattern design that was previously transferred to the surface by means of a registered, photographic technique (using negative wax-resist media), or by applying a photo-sensitive textured film.

在开展这项工作时，在模制件的生产过程中所用钢的类型十分重要。不同硬度的钢对酸浸蚀的敏感程度不同。因此，这项处理工艺只适用于特定类型的钢件。

When carrying out this work, the type of steel to be used in mold production is very important. Steels of different hardnesses respond in different ways to acid-etch aggression. A type of steel specific to acid-etch is used for this purpose.

对于柔性装饰件及轧制件（材料为人造革、紧密型乙烯基塑料、膨胀型乙烯基塑料及热塑性乙烯基塑料），用压花法将材料纹理特征转移到基材板上。方法是使基材穿过一组预加热压延辊筒，由这些压延辊筒将基材（塑料）紧密压在带有橡胶涂层的另一组辊筒上，从而形成表面纹理。

With regard to texture on soft trim, rolled good products (ie: imitation leather, compact vinyl, expanded vinyl, thermo-formable vinyl), the embossment method is used to transfer the texture to the sheet stock substrate material. This involves passing the substrate material through a set of pre-heated calendaring cylinders. The base substrate (plastic) material is then embossed by the textured cylinder by pressing it against a counter-cylinder coated in rubber.

要使PVC轧制件上形成表面纹理，最常用的工艺和方法如下：

To transfer texture to a PVC roll stock material, the most commonly used methods/techniques are:

钢辊法

STEEL TEXTURE ROLLER

将液态PVC材料铺在铸件纸上（通过辊子上方的刀具），铸件纸起承载装置的作用。然后，使PVC材料和铸件纸穿过固化炉进行固化。固化后，从纸上剥下PVC材料，然后使其通过已加热（通过红外线加热装置进行加热）的辊子。这个过程使PVC材料在直接穿过压花辊和支撑辊前得到预热。当PVC材料穿过这些辊子后，其表面就会印上压花辊的纹理图案。

The PVC in a liquid state is spread onto cast paper (via a knife over roller) that is used as a carrier through the machine, the PVC and paper then pass through ovens to cure. Once cured, the PVC is stripped from the paper and passes around a heated roller, in tandem under infra-red heaters. This process pre-heats the PVC before it passes directly between the embossing roller and a backing roller. When the PVC has passed between these rollers, it then takes on the texture from the embossing roller.

硅橡胶护套

SILICON SHEATH

要将纹理图案转移到硅橡胶上，母型的制作方法与上面的第1点相同。在母型制作完成后，将硅橡胶铺在母型上，并等待固化。硅橡胶固化后，将其从母型上剥下来，然后采用与机械压花类似的工艺实现相同的纹理效果，但使用的是有纹理的硅橡胶而不是纸质承载及压花辊。

To transfer the texture to a silicone, a master pattern is produced in the same way as 1. Silicone is then spread onto the master pattern and left to cure. Once the silicone has cured it can then be stripped from the master and used for production creating the same effect as mechanically embossing, but using the textured silicone instead of the paper carrier and embossing roller.

激光蚀刻

LASER-ETCH / LASER-TEXTURE

使用激光蚀刻技术，可以直接根据数学数据在模制件表面形成复杂的三维纹理图案，且其可一步完成而不需对基材进行分层移除。激光蚀刻技术的优点包括：速度快，精度高，分辨率高，准确度高，以及无限的可重复性。这些优点给纹理图案的设计和实现提供了更大的灵活性。

Laser technology can be used to create intricate, complex, three-dimensional (3D) texture patterns directly from digital math data into the mold in one operation (step) without the need for multiple layers of steel removal to achieve texture. Advantages of laser technology include: speed and precision, high resolution/definition, consistency/accuracy, and unlimited repeatability offering greater flexibility in texture design and execution.

技术信息：超精细印花；图案深度可变；纹理图案的无缝蚀刻；纹理图案深度可达3mm；真正的三维特征；基于轮廓线的五轴表面应用；可对任何模制材料进行纹理图案加工；使用电极（碳和铜）；与焊接或电火花加工蚀刻工艺兼容。

Technical information: Ultra-fine detailed engraving; Variable depth images; Seamless texture washout, Texture depths up to 3 mm; True three-dimensional (3D) characteristics; Contoured 5-axis surface applications; Texturing of any mold material; electrodes (carbon and copper); uniform, consistent etch through weld or EDM.

分模线

PARTING LINE

分模线是模具型芯部分和型腔部分相接的地方，形成工具的分割点。除另有说明外，对于任何零件的最佳做法都是使分模线在任何纹理表面上完全看不出来也摸不出来。

Parting Line is defined as the point at which the core and cavity sides of the mold meet and subsequently form the separation point of the tool. The Best Practice for any part is that the parting line should be completely non-visible and non-tactile on any textured surface, unless otherwise specified .

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